Sapporo is located in a sub-frigid zone and enjoys comfortable warm summers, although winters are cold and snowy. In spring (late March- mid April), the melting snow can make walking a little dirty, so water-resistant shoes may be useful. A light coat or sweater is necessary in early summer, however, the rainy season experienced in other parts of Japan is not so prevalent in Sapporo. Summer days in July and August bring temperatures into the mid-twenties. Short sleeved shirts are suitable for the daytime but temperatures drop a little in the evenings and early mornings. In September the temperatures start to drop steadily, with light coats necessary in the dry and windy autumn. Mid-November brings the first snow and by mid-December the city is white over. Special soles fitted to shoes (available locally) are necessary to help prevent slipping on the ice and snow. In January and February when temperatures drop well below zero, hats, gloves, and thick overcoats become a necessity. Although Sapporo experiences heavy snowfall during this period, the snow that falls is dry and can be brushed off clothing, eliminating the need for umbrellas in winter. The difference in temperature between the freezing outdoors and (over) heated shops and public transport can cause problems in winter, so layers of clothes that can easily be taken off may be useful.